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Allan Bloom
Allan David Bloom (September 14, 1930 – October 7, 1992) was an American philosopher, classicist, and academician. He studied under David Grene, Leo Strauss, Richard McKeon and Alexandre Kojève. He subsequently taught at Cornell University, the University of Toronto, Yale University, École Normale Supérieure of Paris, and the University of Chicago. Bloom championed the idea of Great Books education and became famous for his criticism of contemporary American higher education, with his views being expressed in his bestselling 1987 book, ''The Closing of the American Mind''. Characterized as a conservative in the popular media, Bloom denied that he was a conservative, and asserted that what he sought to defend was the 'theoretical life'.〔Bloom, Allan. ''Giants and Dwarfs: Essays 1960–1990'', Simon & Schuster, 1990 pp.17-18〕 Saul Bellow wrote ''Ravelstein'', a roman à clef based on Bloom, his friend and colleague at the University of Chicago.
==Early life and education==
Allan Bloom was born in Indianapolis, Indiana, in 1930 to Jewish social-worker parents. The couple had had a daughter, Lucille, two years earlier. As a thirteen-year-old, he read a ''Readers Digest'' article about the University of Chicago and told his parents he wanted to attend; his parents thought it was unreasonable and did not encourage his hopes.〔Atlas, James. “Chicago’s Grumpy Guru: Best-Selling Professor Allan Bloom and the Chicago Intellectuals.” ''New York Times Magazine''. January 3, 1988. 12.〕 Yet, when his family moved to Chicago in 1944, his parents met a psychiatrist and family friend whose son was enrolled in the University of Chicago’s humanities program for gifted students. In 1946 Bloom was accepted to the same program, starting his degree at the age of fifteen, and spending the next decade of his life enrolled at the University in Chicago’s Hyde Park neighborhood.〔 This began his lifelong passion for the 'idea' of the university.〔Bloom, Allan. 1987. ''The Closing of the American Mind'', p. 243. New York: Simon & Schuster〕
In the preface to ''Giants and Dwarfs: Essays, 1960–1990'', he stated that his education "began with Freud and ended with Plato". The theme of this education was self-knowledge, or self-discovery—an idea that Bloom would later write, seemed impossible to conceive of for a Midwestern American boy. He credits Leo Strauss as the teacher who made this endeavor possible for him.〔Bloom, Allan. 1991. ''Giants and Dwarfs: Essays, 1960–1990'', p. 11. New York: Touchstone Books〕
Bloom graduated from Chicago with his bachelor’s degree at the age of 18.〔Botsworth, Keith. ( 'Obituary: Professor Allan Bloom', ''The Independent'', October 12, 1992 ).〕 One of his college classmates was political theorist Seth Benardete.〔http://contemporarythinkers.org/allan-bloom/biography/〕 For post-graduate studies, he enrolled in the Committee on Social Thought, where he was assigned Classicist David Grene as tutor, and went on to write his thesis on Isocrates. Grene recalled Bloom as an energetic and humorous student completely dedicated to studying classics, but with no definite career ambitions.〔 The Committee was a unique interdisciplinary program that attracted a small number of students due to its rigorous academic requirements and lack of clear employment opportunities after graduation.〔 Bloom earned his Ph.D. from the Committee on Social Thought in 1955. He subsequently studied under the influential Hegelian philosopher Alexandre Kojève in Paris, whose lectures Bloom would later introduce to the English-speaking world. While teaching philosophy at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris, he befriended Raymond Aron, amongst many other philosophers. Among the American expatriate community in Paris his friends included leftist writer Susan Sontag.〔E. Field, ''The Man Who Would Marry Susan Sontag'', Wisconsin, 2005, pp. 158–70.〕〔C. Rollyson and L. Paddock, ''Susan Sontag: The Making of an Icon'', W. W. Norton, 2000, pp. 45–50.〕〔''Reborn: Journals and Notebooks 1947–1963'', ed. D. Rieff, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2008, pp. 188–89.〕
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